Introducing the Urushiol Oils
In 1609, Captain John Smith, ran across the new world plant he named, Poison Ivy.
Today, Poison Ivy is a member of the genus Toxicodendron (formerly
classified as members of the genus Rhus).This genus includes
Poison Sumac, two species of Poison Ivy, and two species of Poison Oak. These
plants produce urushiol oils as resin found in the sap on nearly all parts of the
plant except the pollen and anthers. Although most humans become sensitized to
the poison and contract mild to severe dermatitis, many animals including horses,
cows, squirrels, deer and goats can eat it with impunity.
First contact with an urushiol laden plant may have no effect. But as contact is
repeated, the likelyhood of sensitization increases As with most allergic reactions,
the response to the urushiol oil is an immune system reaction to the compound.
The urushiol oils are extremely potent. One hundred nanograms is sufficient to cause symptoms in most people. Although, a one nanogram dose can cause symptons in those who are quite sensitized. The resin can remain on the dead plant and cause dermatitis for five years.
Urushiol oils are aromatic polyketides often derived from anacardic acid. The urushiols typically have a C15 or C17 side chain often with one or more double bonds.
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